{"id":1598,"date":"2016-09-01T10:22:48","date_gmt":"2016-09-01T08:22:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.garcia-avocat-paris.fr\/licenciement?p=1598"},"modified":"2024-05-13T18:47:40","modified_gmt":"2024-05-13T17:47:40","slug":"clause-de-non-concurrence-nulle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.garcia-avocat-paris.fr\/licenciement\/clause-de-non-concurrence-nulle\/","title":{"rendered":"clause de non concurrence nulle"},"content":{"rendered":"

Plus de r\u00e9paration syst\u00e9matique lorsque la clause de non concurrence et nulle<\/u><\/strong><\/h1>\n

(<\/u>Cass. soc. 25-5-2016, n\u00b0 14-20.578<\/a>)\"clause <\/em><\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision de la Cour de cassation s\u2019inscrit dans le fil droit de sa jurisprudence mettant fin au pr\u00e9judice de principe. Dans cette d\u00e9cision, la Cour de cassation pr\u00e9cise que le salari\u00e9 se pr\u00e9valant\u00a0d\u2019une clause de non-concurrence illicite ne peut pr\u00e9tendre \u00e0 une indemnisation que s\u2019il justifie avoir subi un pr\u00e9judice.<\/p>\n

La pr\u00e9sente d\u00e9cision revient de ce fait sur la pr\u00e9somption de pr\u00e9judice r\u00e9sultant de l\u2019illic\u00e9it\u00e9 de la clause de non-concurrence.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9sormais, le salari\u00e9 qui invoque la nullit\u00e9 de la clause de non-concurrence figurant dans son contrat de travail devra justifier du pr\u00e9judice caus\u00e9. C\u2019est ce qui ressort, d\u2019une d\u00e9cision rendue par la Cour de cassation le 25 mai 2016.<\/p>\n

Il importe de revenir sur les conditions de validit\u00e9 de la clause de non-concurrence et sur les effets de la nullit\u00e9 de ladite clause.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Les conditions de validit\u00e9 de la clause de non concurrence<\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n

La clause de non concurrence pour \u00eatre licite doit\u00a0:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u00eatre indispensable \u00e0 la protection des int\u00e9r\u00eats l\u00e9gitimes de l’entreprise<\/li>\n
  • \u00eatre limit\u00e9e dans le temps<\/li>\n
  • \u00eatre limit\u00e9e dans l’espace<\/li>\n
  • tenir compte des sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s de l’emploi du salari\u00e9 ( soc., 10\u00a0juill. 2002, n\u00b0 99-43.334;\u00a0 Cass. soc., 10\u00a0juill. 2002, n\u00b0 00-45.387, \u00a0Cass. soc., 18\u00a0sept. 2002, n\u00b0 00-42.904).<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    En cons\u00e9quence, la clause de non-concurrence ne remplissant pas les conditions de validit\u00e9 telles d\u00e9finies par la jurisprudence est nulle. Ainsi, une clause de non concurrence qui ne pr\u00e9voit pas de contrepartie financi\u00e8re est nulle.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Effets de la nullit\u00e9 de la clause de non concurrence<\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Lorsque la clause de non-concurrence est d\u00e9clar\u00e9e nulle, cela emporte un certain nombre de cons\u00e9quences\u00a0:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Le salari\u00e9 est lib\u00e9r\u00e9 de son obligation de non concurrence\u00a0;<\/li>\n
    • L\u2019employeur n\u2019est plus tenu de verser une contrepartie financi\u00e8re. Toutefois, le salari\u00e9 conserve n\u00e9anmoins l\u2019indemnit\u00e9 d\u00e9j\u00e0 per\u00e7ue \u00e0 moins qu\u2019il n\u2019ait pas respect\u00e9 la clause.<\/li>\n
    • Outre l’action en nullit\u00e9 de la clause, le salari\u00e9 peut introduire \u00e0 l’encontre de l’employeur une action en dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Les faits de l\u2019esp\u00e8ce<\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n

      Un salari\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 engag\u00e9 par une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en qualit\u00e9 de d\u00e9marcheur charg\u00e9 de suivre et d\u00e9velopper une client\u00e8le de particuliers. Le salari\u00e9 a pris acte de la rupture du contrat de travail le 27 octobre 2010. Il a saisi le Conseil de Prud\u2019hommes de diverses demandes li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019ex\u00e9cution et \u00e0 la rupture du contrat de travail, dont une demande de dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats du fait de la clause de non concurrence illicite.<\/p>\n

      Les juges de fond d\u00e9boutent le salari\u00e9 de sa demande de r\u00e9paration du pr\u00e9judice r\u00e9sultant de l\u2019illic\u00e9it\u00e9 de la clause de non-concurrence. Le salari\u00e9 arguait que la stipulation dans le contrat de travail d\u2019une clause de non-concurrence nulle lui causait n\u00e9cessairement un pr\u00e9judice.<\/p>\n

      Le salari\u00e9 se pourvoit en cassation. La cour de cassation rejette le pourvoi du salari\u00e9. S\u2019alignant sur la d\u00e9cision rendue par les juges du fond, la Cour de cassation pr\u00e9cise que\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Mais attendu que l\u2019existence d\u2019un pr\u00e9judice et l\u2019\u00e9valuation de celui-ci rel\u00e8vent du pouvoir souverain d\u2019appr\u00e9ciation des juges du fond ; que la cour d\u2019appel, ayant constat\u00e9 que le salari\u00e9 n\u2019avait subi aucun pr\u00e9judice r\u00e9sultant de l\u2019illic\u00e9it\u00e9 de la clause de non concurrence<\/u><\/strong>, le moyen ne peut \u00eatre accueilli\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>.<\/p>\n

      En conclusion, il appara\u00eet que d\u00e9sormais la r\u00e9paration d\u2019un pr\u00e9judice est subordonn\u00e9e \u00e0 sa justification.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      La Cour de cassation abandonne sa jurisprudence pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, selon laquelle une clause de non concurrence nulle causait n\u00e9cessairement un pr\u00e9judice au salari\u00e9 (Cass. soc. 12 -1-2011 n\u00b0 08-45.280; Cass. soc. 28 -1- 2015 n\u00b0 13-24.000<\/em>). Le salari\u00e9 pouvait donc demander des dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats sans avoir \u00e0 justifier d’un quelconque pr\u00e9judice. En l\u2019esp\u00e8ce, le salari\u00e9 ne faisait pas la d\u00e9monstration de son pr\u00e9judice.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Plus de r\u00e9paration syst\u00e9matique lorsque la clause de non concurrence et nulle (Cass. soc. 25-5-2016, n\u00b0 14-20.578) La d\u00e9cision de la Cour de cassation s\u2019inscrit dans le fil droit de sa jurisprudence mettant fin au pr\u00e9judice de principe. Dans cette d\u00e9cision, la Cour de cassation pr\u00e9cise que le salari\u00e9 se pr\u00e9valant\u00a0d\u2019une clause de non-concurrence illicite […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1602,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,3],"tags":[79,92],"class_list":["post-1598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-contrat","category-droit-du-travail","tag-clause","tag-non-concurrence"],"yoast_head":"\n\u21d2 Clause de non concurrence nulle - Avocat en droit du travail - SG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u2192 Plus de r\u00e9paration syst\u00e9matique lorsque la clause de non concurrence et nulle (Cass. soc. 25-5-2016, n\u00b0 14-20.578)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.garcia-avocat-paris.fr\/licenciement\/clause-de-non-concurrence-nulle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u21d2 Clause de non concurrence nulle - 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