{"id":1494,"date":"2016-02-09T21:05:27","date_gmt":"2016-02-09T21:05:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.garcia-avocat-paris.fr\/licenciement?p=1494"},"modified":"2024-05-13T18:40:11","modified_gmt":"2024-05-13T17:40:11","slug":"visite-medicale-prealable","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.garcia-avocat-paris.fr\/licenciement\/visite-medicale-prealable\/","title":{"rendered":"Le risque en cas d\u2019absence de visite m\u00e9dicale pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 l\u2019embauche"},"content":{"rendered":"

Absence de visite m\u00e9dicale pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 l\u2019embauche\u00a0: un risque p\u00e9nal pour l\u2019employeur.<\/h2>\n

\"visite<\/a>Cette d\u00e9cision rendue par la chambre criminelle de la cour de cassation (Cass. Crim. n\u00b0 12 janvier 2016<\/a><\/em>) en mati\u00e8re de visite m\u00e9dicale d\u2019embauche m\u00e9rite qu\u2019on s\u2019y arr\u00eate.<\/p>\n

La Cour sanctionne p\u00e9nalement le non-respect par l\u2019employeur de la visite m\u00e9dicale d\u2019embauche.<\/p>\n

De ce fait, quand l\u2019employeur n\u2019assure pas la r\u00e9alisation par le m\u00e9decin du travail de la visite m\u00e9dicale pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 l\u2019embauche des salari\u00e9s, et qu\u2019il ne peut s\u2019exempter de cette obligation, il se rend coupable de l\u2019infraction d\u2019embauche de salari\u00e9s<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Les faits sont les suivants\u00a0: une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui exerce notamment une activit\u00e9 de marketing t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique, de distribution de prospectus et d’accueil de visiteurs pour le compte de clients, et emploie \u00e0 cet effet des salari\u00e9s pour de tr\u00e8s courtes dur\u00e9es, a fait l’objet d’une visite de l’inspection du travail, qui a relev\u00e9 \u00e0 son encontre, pour le mois d’avril 2011, une infraction d’embauche de 294 salari\u00e9s sans visite m\u00e9dicale pr\u00e9alable.<\/p>\n

Au vu du proc\u00e8s-verbal dress\u00e9 par l’inspecteur du travail, le procureur de la R\u00e9publique a fait citer de ce chef devant le tribunal de police la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ainsi que ses deux cog\u00e9rants. Les pr\u00e9venus \u00e9taient poursuivis pour infraction \u00e0 l\u2019embauche de salari\u00e9 sans avoir proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 une visite m\u00e9dicale d\u2019embauche.
\nEn effet, le non-respect par l’employeur de ses obligations est passible d’une peine d’amende (article R4745-1 du Code du travail<\/em>) ou d’une peine de prison en cas de r\u00e9cidive (article L.4745-1 du Code du travail<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Pour leur d\u00e9fense, les pr\u00e9venus arguaient qu’il \u00e9tait impossible, ainsi que l’admettait le centre inter-entreprises et artisanal de sant\u00e9 au travail (CIAMT) auquel la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 adh\u00e9rait, de r\u00e9aliser des visites m\u00e9dicales avant leur embauche pour les salari\u00e9s de tr\u00e8s faible dur\u00e9e, et faisaient valoir que l’envoi \u00e0 l’URSSAF de la d\u00e9claration unique d’embauche, entra\u00eenant automatiquement la transmission d’un avis \u00e0 la m\u00e9decine du travail, ce qui d\u00e9montrait l’accomplissement des diligences qui leur incombaient en la mati\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

La Cour d\u2019appel qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi retient qu\u2019en n’assurant pas l’effectivit\u00e9 de son obligation de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 jusqu’\u00e0 s’assurer de la r\u00e9alisation par le m\u00e9decin du travail, pr\u00e9alablement \u00e0 l’embauche et au plus tard avant l’expiration de la p\u00e9riode d’essai, de la visite m\u00e9dicale destin\u00e9e \u00e0 v\u00e9rifier l’aptitude du salari\u00e9 \u00e0 occuper un poste, l’employeur, ne peut s’exon\u00e9rer de cette obligation en invoquant la tol\u00e9rance du CIAMT et l’impossibilit\u00e9 mat\u00e9rielle de mettre son obligation en \u0153uvre.<\/p>\n

La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est donc coupable de l’infraction d’embauche de salari\u00e9s sans avoir fait proc\u00e9der \u00e0 une visite m\u00e9dicale et l’a condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 294 amendes contraventionnelles de 100 euros et d\u00e9clar\u00e9 les deux g\u00e9rants coupables de l’infraction d’embauche de salari\u00e9s sans avoir fait proc\u00e9der \u00e0 une visite m\u00e9dicale et les a condamn\u00e9s, chacun, \u00e0 294 amendes contraventionnelles de 50 euros avec sursis.
\nLa Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et les cog\u00e9rants forment un pourvoi en cassation. La Cour de cassation rejette le pourvoi.<\/p>\n

S\u2019alignant sur la d\u00e9cision rendue par la Cour d\u2019appel, elle retient que\u00a0:\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0en pronon\u00e7ant ainsi, la cour d’appel a justifi\u00e9 sa d\u00e9cision, d\u00e8s lors que l’entreprise en cause ne pouvait se r\u00e9clamer d’aucune exception l\u00e9gale \u00e0 l’obligation pos\u00e9e par l’article R. 4624-10 du code du travail, et que l’envoi \u00e0 l’URSSAF de la d\u00e9claration unique d’embauche, comprenant une demande d’examen m\u00e9dical d’embauche, ne dispense pas l’employeur d’assurer l’effectivit\u00e9 de cet examen<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Outre, la sanction p\u00e9nale, il convient de souligner que sur le plan civil, l\u2019employeur qui ne respecte pas la visite m\u00e9dicale d\u2019embauche ou de reprise cause n\u00e9cessairement un pr\u00e9judice au salari\u00e9 (Cass. soc. 18 d\u00e9cembre 203, n\u00b012-15454<\/em>), le salari\u00e9 pouvant de ce fait obtenir r\u00e9paration devant le Conseil de Prud\u2019hommes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Absence de visite m\u00e9dicale pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 l\u2019embauche\u00a0: un risque p\u00e9nal pour l\u2019employeur. Cette d\u00e9cision rendue par la chambre criminelle de la cour de cassation (Cass. Crim. n\u00b0 12 janvier 2016) en mati\u00e8re de visite m\u00e9dicale d\u2019embauche m\u00e9rite qu\u2019on s\u2019y arr\u00eate. La Cour sanctionne p\u00e9nalement le non-respect par l\u2019employeur de la visite m\u00e9dicale d\u2019embauche. De ce […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1493,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[6,90],"class_list":["post-1494","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-droit-du-travail","tag-contrat-de-travail","tag-visite-medicale"],"yoast_head":"\nAbsence de la visite m\u00e9dicale pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 l\u2019embauche<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Absence de visite m\u00e9dicale pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 l\u2019embauche\u00a0: un risque p\u00e9nal pour l\u2019employeur. 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